Mission Impossible, Courage Under Fire, And A Time To Kill Essays

Crucial, Courage Under Fire, And A Time To Kill The most recent five years have seen an expansion in the remain on brutality in motion pictures. As activity motion pictures with their enormous stars are taken higher than ever consistently, more individuals appear to contend that the viciousness is affecting our nation's childhood. However, every year, the measure of watchers likewise increments. This present summer's raving success Independence Day earned more cash than some other film ever, and it was brimming with brutality. The other summer hits included Strategic, Courage Under Fire, and A Time to Kill. These films contained savagery, and all were profoundly acclaimed. And all, except for Freedom Day, were pointed toward grown-ups who comprehended the savagery and could separate screen savagery from genuine brutality. There is nothing amiss with having brutality in film. On the off chance that a grown-up needs to go through a night watching Arnold Schwartzenager Save the world, at that point he ought to have that right. Film pundit Hal Hinson appreciates watching motion pictures. Truth be told, he experienced passionate feelings for motion pictures while he was apprehensive just because. He was watching Frankenstein, and, as he depicted in his article In Defense of Violence, it played with his faculties so that he promptly experienced passionate feelings for motion pictures. . The risk was phony, however Hinson portrayed that it played with his faculties in such a manner that he in a split second began to look all starry eyed at. Hinson feels that most film darlings were induced by indistinguishable snares from himself. Motion pictures were exciting, risky, and hypnotizing (Hinson 581-2). Hinson says that as a culture, we like rough workmanship. However this isn't something that is new to the present culture. The old Greeks consummated the class of catastrophe with an utilization of viciousness. As per Hinson, they accepted that while brutality in life is damaging, viciousness in craftsmanship need not be; that workmanship gives a solid channel to the characteristic forceful powers inside us (Hinson 585). Today, the Greek disaster isn't frequently observed, yet there are different shows motion pictures that encapsulate and use brutality. Tom and Jerry, The Three Stooges, what's more, well known prime time shows including the profoundly acclaimed NYPD Blue and ER are all vicious. There is an overflow of savage motion pictures in Hollywood. As a rule, the years most noteworthy moneymakers are vicious. Indeed, even Oscar winning motion pictures, those motion pictures that are the best of the year, have viciousness in them. Quietness of the Lambs, Unforgiving, and In the Line of Fire are only a couple. Indeed, even with this savagery on both the little and big screen, Hinson makes an understood proclamation that genuine brutality is the issue, not film viciousness. He feels that individuals dread screen savagery since they dread we may become what is delineated on screen. Hinson feels that to appreciate brutality, one must have the option to recognize what is genuine also, what isn't (Hinson 587). Another paper, this one entitled Popcorn Violence, shows how the kind of brutality found in film and TV is totally unique in relation to genuine viciousness. The creator, Roger Rosenblatt, portrays how little youngsters can be presented to screen brutality at an early stage throughout everyday life, yet the kind of savagery is anecdotal to the point that the association between what is seen on TV and what goes on out in the lanes is rarely made. The model Rosenblatt uses to outline this point is wrestling. In proficient wrestling there are heroes, for example, Hulk Hogan and Randy Macho Man Savage, and trouble makers, which incorporates any semblance of The Undertaker and Rowdy Piper. Each Saturday morning they go into the ring and battle. Its great versus awful. The show, obviously, is comical, for what it's worth intended to be. The characters are bizarre to the point that they are diverting. They meander around the ring, shouting and shouting, looking very crazy. They play to the group, either making them boo or cheer. Sometimes, for instance, if state Hulk Hogan is winning a battle, the trouble maker's companions may participate and bother Hulk. The entirety of this brutality, and the children love it (Rosenblatt 589). The equivalent happens in real life motion pictures. There is a hero and a trouble maker, yet the trouble maker typically has loads of companions, and they all bother the hero. Rosenblatt clarifies that occasionally you pull for the heroes, and different occasions for the trouble makers. He says that we pull for the

In Favor of the Network Cap :: Internet Technology Essays

In Favor of the Network Cap Iowa State’s web directors had an issue: a few PCs around grounds had been being utilized as Internet servers for ill-conceived information conveyance, and these select PCs were utilizing an extreme measure of data transmission on the ISU understudy arrange. The obvious truth is that these are understudies unlawfully serving copyrighted programming and media to individuals outside the ISU system, and they are taking up an outrageous extent of the network’s accessible data transmission. Despite the fact that this maltreatment had not yet caused steady unfavorable system issues for some clients, the issue was deteriorating, and AIT’s arrange top choice has ended it. AIT’s 500 megabyte organize top is legitimized. Warez servers on the ISU grounds convey a gigantic measure of information and moderate the system down. We ought to be eager about our system speed in light of the fact that our educational cost is paying for ISU’s web association. The facts demonstrate that an elective technique, for example, channels dependent on complex information rate observing calculations, may make a superior showing forestalling the warez servers organize misuse, and keep numerous concentrated clients from fight. Yet, such measures are likely unfeasible, because of confinements of AIT’s organize programming, and time restrictions of AIT arrange examiners. In the event that the 500 meg top does without a doubt mess genuine up for various real clients, examination of these different strategies can be sought after. The 500 megabyte top was a decent and convenient arrangement. The individuals who can't help contradicting the top contend that it would influence their real system use, for example, Quake 3 game servers, or individuals with sites that they serve from their own PCs. Occasions where these clients will really top 500 megs in a day are uncommon, be that as it may. Indeed, even a tolerably dealt client site may never send 100 megabytes per day; the straightforward the truth is that 500 megs for each day is, 99% of the time, possibly outperformed when a client is illicitly serving a lot of information, for example, music, motion pictures, retail programming, or erotic entertainment to an enormous crowd. This is absolutely the client that stops up the data transfer capacity for those of us who need it to complete work, and this is accurately the kind of system misuse that the system top targets.

How Social Video Boost Blogging Efforts

How Social Video Boost Blogging Efforts Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!How Social Video Boost Blogging EffortsUpdated On 26/06/2018Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : BloggingShort URL : https://hbb.me/2tUpAth CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogBefore blogging became a money-making phenomenon, it was simply a way for an individual to express his or her thoughts and opinions to others. It turned out, of course, that internet users loved reading blogging content. Today, 6.7 million people are blogging globally, and many have transitioned from basic online journals to lucrative online publications.Two of the biggest changes since the start of blogging until now is the rise of social media sites and video blogging. Implementing strong strategies for both can catapult a blog to internet stardom. Here’s a closer look at how basic blogging benefits from video blogging and social media popularity:Social MediaBack when blogging started, the only real w ay to drive traffic to a blog site was by doing a search on the internet. This meant readers had to know what it was they wanted to read about, or your specific blog name. When social media exploded, this gave bloggers a tremendous opportunity to drive traffic to their sites based on items that popped up in user feeds. Instead of waiting for a user to arrive at a blog, the blog owners could make reading suggestions.Blogging.org reports that 12 million people globally blog through social media networks. Search engines are still a leading traffic referrer for many blogs but social media sites like Facebook, Instagram and Twitter can add hundreds to thousands of hits when done correctly. The trick with posting blog content to social media is to add content consistently to keep readers engaged with your material.Social media has also significantly impacted how bloggers interact with their followers. It has allowed bloggers to engage their followers in a more personal way by being able t o respond to posts on their social accounts. It also makes it easier for followers to “like” and share blogs they’ve read with a few simple clicks.READ5 Reasons why your Small Business needs a BlogVideo BloggingKnown to the blogging world as “vlogging,” using video has become a must to reach a high number of followers. This is because readers want to make a connection to the person behind the articles they are reading. By being able to see your face, it makes it easier for them to make that connection. If bloggers choose not to use video, they greatly diminish their chance of getting new followers to find their page. For example, YouTube is the second largest search engine (the largest is Google, YouTube’s parent company). It doesn’t make sense to spend a lot of time optimizing your blog for Google, but then no time adding YouTube-friendly content. If a blogger is serious about increasing followers and awareness of their blog, the video is imperative.Blogs are ever cha nging, as are social media trends and reader interests. Much like professional gamblers know there are different roulette wheels so they must place their bets accordingly, bloggers must know their different audiences and adjust their blogging strategies to keep up with the latest trends. Today, this means using video when blogging and keeping a strong presence on social media accounts to continuously attract new and loyal followers.

Essay on Mr.Woodhouse and Miss Bates in Jane Austens Emma

The Characters of Mr.Woodhouse and Miss Bates in Emma The immediate impression one gets of Miss Bates is that of a loquacious old biddy, one of Emmas more annoying personalities. But Miss Bates offers a refreshing contrast to the other characters in the novel, many of whom harbor hidden agendas and thinly veiled animosities toward perceived rivals. If every major character in Emma [is] a snob, we might consider Miss Bates the anti-snob. Her very artlessness serves as a foil for those in the novel whom present contrived images of themselves or whom look down their noses at others. When she compliments others concern and generosity, as she is constantly found doing, there can be no doubt that her sentiments are genuine, if†¦show more content†¦Never having learned to think before she speaks, Miss Bates is quite defenseless to Emmas verbal parry on Box Hill. Had anyone else been the target of Emmas wit, we would not be so stricken by the magnitude of Emmas thoughtlessness. It is Emmas shame that really marks the end of her career as a supercilious little snoot. She has been forced, through Knightleys admonition, to see Miss Bates not as a caricature but a real human being, one as capable of pain as Emma herself. (Austen means this as a revelation for her readers, too -- too bad Sir Walter Scott didnt pick up on it.) Other characters reactions to Miss Bates are telling, as well. Frank Churchills rather flippant characterization of her as the talking aunt prefigures his future weaseliness. Having established Miss Bates forthright nature, Austen mischievously places Jane Fairfax under the same roof. Janes need for secrecy must make it a torment to share society with one as garrulous as Miss Bates. The Bateses dont really seem to occupy any definite rung on Highburys social ladder. At the top, of course, are Donwell and Hartfield; Randalls next; but the Bates household, nameless as it is, inhabits a nebulous middling position. There is no one Miss Bates is pitted against or allied with. She serves as a sort of social glue, filling any awkward gaps in conversation in her inimitable fashion. As she showers praise

Verbal Mediums And Music And Song Provide A Holistic...

In language and literature, verbal mediums such as music and song provide a holistic reflection of the culture of a given community. Songs are products and practices that are able to shed light on the philosophical, political, socio-cultural norms, and perspectives of a particular society.1 Thus, these products shape the worldview of a cultural group. Within patriarchal subcultures, such as fraternities, song lyrics reflect socially constructed dominant masculinities that members are encouraged to adopt and engage in. From Rugby Road to Vinegar Hill, a drinking song made prominent by U.Va’s Glee Club in the late 1940’s, captures the socially constructed masculinities portrayed in leisure alcohol use and the cultural masculine preferences of the members. Music and song are often used as an instrument to influence and amplify the hidden cultural values at the associated audience. Hence, preferred elements of masculinity such as heavy drinking, comradery and non-relat ional sexual encounters with women in the fraternal society are reinforced.2 From Rugby Road to Vinegar Hill emphasizes how the expectations of hyper-masculinity are facilitated in the fraternity culture and how gender violence in particular, sexual assault, is promoted and perpetuated in association with alcohol while affirming a masculine mentality of power and privilege within the group dynamic. 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Research Paper North Carolina Central University

Shavonne Hunter Outline FCSG 5820 North Carolina Central University I. Introduction (2 pages) Sexuality in aging is an interesting topic being that everyone will age and the information is vital to know. Countless amounts of people want and need to be close to others, as they grow older meaning they yearn to endure a lively, fulfilling sex life. With aging, there might be changes that can produce later difficulties and issues. Typical aging brings physical changes in both men and women. These changes occasionally disturb the capability to have and enjoy sex. As a woman the vagina gets older and begins to change. The changes are things such as the structure, shape, and even size changes. The lubrication begins to slow down. These changes most likely will affect sexual functions or pleasure. As for the men, they experience something called erectile dysfunction. This is also called ED, which is when it either takes longer to have an erection, or it isn’t possible anymore. Also the orgasms can happen faster. These types of things may be very embarrassing and uncomfortable for older adults. These types of things may cause relationship problems later on, or even depression. There are also health issues that can affect the ability to enjoy sex. These include Arthritis, Dementia, heart disease, Incontinence, and many more illnesses. There are many other causes of sexuality problems other than just the illnesses. Something such as surgery can affect ones sex life drastically.Show MoreRelatedA Study On Emotional Maturity Of College Students Essay896 Words   |  4 Pages‘Analysing the leadership behaviour of college principals’, Journal for Studies in Management and Planning, Volume 01 Issue 11, ISSN: 2395-0463. Subbarayan, K. and Visvanathan, G. (2011) ‘A study on emotional maturity of college students’, Recent Research in Science and Technology’, 3 (1), Pp. 153-155. Subramanian, S. and Vinothkumar, M. 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End of Life Care free essay sample

It was recognised by Jevon (2009) that caring for the dying patient can be the most fulfilling whilst also most challenging times for nurses and healthcare professionals. This paper will introduce a case study based on personal experience within clinical placement, exploring and analysing the above statement. In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council Guidelines (2008) names have been changed to protect patient confidentiality. The paper will seek to address issues relating to the case study examining relevant theory. Current policies and guidelines will be considered in relation to the patient. It will identify a framework involved looking at literature to assess the effectiveness against the case study. Finally, focusing on a specific area of care, which in this case will be communication, the paper will evaluate the care given within the case study before providing a conclusion. Mrs Jones, a 65 year old lady diagnosed with lung cancer in July 2010, lived with her husband of 29 years. They had two grown up daughters that lived close by their home. When Mrs Jones first received the diagnosis by her consultant her family were present. After discussions it was decided that the best care option for them was to care for Mrs Jones within their home. More investigative tests revealed that the cancer had spread; with this her condition seemed to deteriorate. Although appreciative of the support they were receiving within their home, Mr Jones and his daughters were finding it difficult to control Mrs Jones symptoms and pain management. Following a family discussion enquiries were made regarding the possibility of hospice care. Hospice care has been described as providing humane and compassionate care for people in the last phase of incurable disease (American Cancer Society, 2013). Within two weeks Mrs Jones was admitted into their local hospice. Symptom and pain management issues were addressed and Mrs Jones seemed relaxed and free from pain and discomfort. Mr Jones and her daughters visited frequently, towards her final days they decided to reside in the family room within the hospice. When it was no longer possible for Mrs Jones to consume food or liquids a decision was reached by the multi-disciplinary network within the hospice to commence the Liverpool Care Pathway. The hospice staff took the time to sit with the family and explain how the pathway works allowing time for any questions or objections. Within 48 hours Mrs Jones died surrounded by her family. ‘We cannot take away the whole hard thing that is happening, but we can help to ring the burden to manageable proportions’ (Cicely Saunders, as cited inEllershaw amp; Wilkinson, 2003) this was a comment made during a seminar in 1962 and is thought to be an early attempt at challenging the way in which health professionals approach end of life care. End of life care has been defined by the National Council for Palliative Care (2006) as helping ‘†¦all those with advanced, progressive or incurable illness to live as well as possible until they die. It enables the supportive and palliative care needs of both patient and family to be identified and met throughout the last phase of life and into bereavement. It includes management of pain and other symptoms and provision of psychological, social, spiritual and practical support. ’ Dame Cicely Saunders, founder of St Christopher Hospice in 1967 paved the way and had a major impact on changing people’s attitude and thinking regarding end of life care. Primarily a small sample of only four patients was chosen to experiment with drug dosages. This was to assess the impact of regular and consistent administration of medications. The results of this study indicated an improvement in quality of life. Consequently, since the work of Dame Cicely, end of life care has advanced, further studies undertaken by Professor John Hinton established a link between physical and mental distress of patients at end of life care. Professor Ann Cartwright was responsible for a large-scale epidemiological study through surveys to a random sample of patients and families in end of life care. This was a comparative study between 785 subjects in 1969 and 639 subjects in 1987. Results revealed an increase in the amount of people living longer with prolonged illness, greater awareness of death and dying alone within acute hospital settings. However, it did highlight an improvement in home help although, fewer visits where occurring (Cartwright, 1991). Referring back to Mrs Jones, the latter of the findings was evident. Although Mr Jones was appreciative for support being received within the home and community environment, he was having difficulties controlling his wife’s symptoms and pain management between health professionals visits. An implication of this is the possibility that Mrs Jones preferred place of care was compromised resulting in re-evaluation of the family’s situation, therefore, potentially meaning that Mrs Jones wishes were not met. It is from studies such as the ones stated above that progression in end of life care has evolved with the introduction of palliative care nurses such as Macmillan nurses and an increased number of hospice’s being provided worldwide. The main focus at end of life care was predominantly based on cancer patients. Initiatives such as the Comprehensive Cancer Care Programme was initiated in 1980 focusing on areas including prevention of illness, early detection, treatment and pain relief and palliative care. This programme was introduced by the World Health Organisation it is reported by Twycross (2007-2008) as prompting other associations and initiatives at global and national levels. However, after extensive work and research it was only in 2008 that a strategy was devised by the Department of Health, which aims to promote high quality care for patients receiving end of life care by giving patients the option to choose where they would like to receive end of life care (Department of Health, 2008). Nevertheless, one question that needs to be asked, is whether enough has been applied to healthcare services and nursing to manage and support patients and families in end of life care? The modern hospice movement was mainly devised from a Christian tradition, hospices are now well established within end of life care. Hospices began by being mainly focused on cancer patients altough better knowledge and understanding of other incurable desease has seen an increase in patients admitted with other conditions. An end of life care programme was formulated, consisting of six steps, within the end of life care strategy. It was recognised by the Department of Health (2008) that care pathways are useful tools within health care. Care pathways have been defined as anticipated care placed in an appropriate time frame, written and agreed by a multi-disciplinary team (Davis, 2005) it is believed that care pathways determine multi-disciplinary working by using evidence and guidelines for certain patient groups (Overill, 1998) however Kinsman, Rotter amp; Snow (2001) state that a definition is unclear and no agreement has been made. Considering the six steps of the end of life care pathway the paper will examine Mrs Jones situation. The pathway begins with discussions regarding diagnosis and recognising a patient needing end of life care support. Fallowfield, Jenkins amp; Beveridge (2002) suggest that health professionals try to protect themselves from breaking bad news to patients. This was not evident with Mrs Jones as her consultant was honest and informative when breaking the news of her diagnosis. Although, it still highlights the importance of communication, especially in the initial diagnosis as the patient deserves to have clear and factual knowledge about their prognosis. It was recognised by Watts (2009) that communictaion is a key component in end of life care, specifically in regards to psychosocial and spirtual care. Inadequate communication could prove detrimental to the care plans developed at a later stage. Step two relates to the assessment, care planning and review of care. This is where advance care planning is introduced to the patient and family. An advanced care plan allows the patient to express their wishes on care and treatment options, which can be recorded by health professionals and used when mental capacity is lost. It is believed that advanced care planning is a thoughtful process which allows for patient values and beliefs to be considered within their end of life care pathway (Schaffer, 2009). Mrs Jones discussed an advanced care plan and whilst it did not affect the outcome or care received the implications had this not have discussed could have been distressing for the family. Lynn, Schuster, amp; Wilkinson (2007) believe that without an advanced care plan a crisis situation could occur, causing conflict between family and health professionals. There could be many reasons why patient’s decline discussions on advanced care planning one of which being that they do not understand. When an advanced care plan has been recorded within patient records and transferred between health organisations coordination of care can be acheived. As the third step in the end of life care programme it ensures that patient preferences are being adhered to. The important component within this step is communication and multidisciplinary and mulitiagency working. Delivery of high quality care is covered by step four in the end of life care programme, referring back to Mrs Jones it could be argued that when being cared for within her own home high quality care was not being delivered consistently as her symptoms and pain management were not controlled adequately. A study conducted by OBrien (2010)found that poor discharge planning, co-ordination, difficulty in establishing additional quipment along with inadequate out of hours services resulted in patients care preferences not being adhered to. As was the case for Mrs Jones who was admitted into her local hospice. It is stated in the end of life programme that the same high quality of care should be received regardless of which setting. Within the hospice Mrs Jones needs were met upon arrival with analgesia which as Dame Cicely’s study revealed made an impact on a patient’s q uality of life in end of care provisions. It was recognised when Mrs Jones entered into the final phase of life, at which time the hospice staff spoke to Mr Jones and his daughters to explain about the Liverpool Care Pathway. The Liverpool Care Pathway was devised as a nurse led document to empower and provide a clear action plan when caring for patients during their final phase of life. Although the Liverpool Care Pathway is still relatively new to the National Health service, there has been much controversy due to bad media coverage. Devlin (2009) reported that a group of experts claimed patients were being wrongly judged as close to death. What media fails to report are cases where patients benefit from hospice levels of care ensuring that the patient is comfortable, without pain and having the ability to nurses to administer medications as soon as they are required without delays whilst waiting for medical staff. Once the pathway had been explained to Mrs Jones family and they was happy to proceed with the pathway it was commenced. The final step in the end of life care programme considers care after death. Last offices are performed after death when procedures are followed to prepare for transferal of the body to a chapel of rest, mortuary or undertakers (Jevon, 2009). It is important to consider the families religious and cultural beliefs when undertaking this final step as this stage focuses upon showing respect for the deceased whilst fullfilling requirements (Dougherty amp; Lister, 2004). Mrs Jones did not express any cultural or religious considerations and so a standard last offices was performed. Following last offices Mr Jones and his daughters viewed Mrs Jones body to pay their last respects and say their goodbyes. Altschuler (2004) recognises that end of life care and medical diagnosis sometimes leads to changes not only for the individual but also for the amily. Within this section of the paper, considering Mrs Jones and her family, support through end of life care will be explored. Before beginning it is important to respect that not all families function in the same way. A study by Campbell (1996) found that effective support by palliative care teams revealed more satisfied families of patients in end of life care. Hudson, Quinn, OHanl on, amp; Aranda (2008) state that communication between family, patient and health care professionals is paramount in end of life care and also integral to understanding and providing support which is required. Regarding Mrs Jones, at her initial diagnosis it can be said that individually she was well supported, surrounded by her family. Payne, Seymour, amp; Ingleton (2008) state that evidence shows most people do not require additional support as they are resilient and able to adapt to changes with the support of their own networks. It is important not to forget the people that may not have the same support networks in the community. Assumptions regarding support could be detrimental to the overall outcome of the end of life care received and also the aftermath with the family in the bereavement process. When examining literature some contridictory information was found regarding pre-bereavement support for families, whilst Field, Payne, Relf, amp; Reid (2007) found that families benefitted from such services Grande, Farquhar, Barclay, amp; Todd (2004) study indicated less helpful or beneficial results. These could be explained by the difference in expectations, services available and communication techniques. Considering Mrs Jones case study her family accessed support through the staff and services within the hospice. Also before admission into the hospice they were receiving support from MacMillan nurses and other community organisations. The hospice which Mrs Jones was admitted offerred her family bereavement support which includes councellors, and volunteers and the service is available on a self referral after the death of a relative also. Mr Jones declined this service although they did enquire about the rememberance evening held within the hospice. Rememberance evening are described as being mainly non-religious, although, there is a religious section added on for people who require it. Names of recently deceased patients are read aloud with lighting of candles, music, various readings and a chance to share experiences with others who are undergoing the same process of change as yourself(Wigan amp; Leigh Hospice, 2011). From the initial diagnosis Mrs Jones family seemed to support each other through acceptance and grief and therefore felt that it was unnecessary to use the bereavement service. It is evident from writing this paper that end of life care has evolved rapidly and seems to be of major interest at national levels. This will hopefully continue ensuring that better services can be provided in areas such as the community to ensure people like Mrs Jones can be cared for at home receiving the exact levels of treatment as would a patient within a hospice. Until this time advanced care plans can never fully be adhered to as revisions are often required for patients such as Mrs Jones, when symptom and pain management cannot be covered consistently. However it was also shown how hospice care is providing patients and their families with high standards and quality care, through physical and holistic approaches to care. Communication has been highlighted as a key component within end of life care. Overall Mrs Jones received good communication and with this the support systems were accessed as and when required by the family. It is also wise to note that good communication was received by the family regarding the Liverpool Care Pathway. This paper began with a statement by Jevon (2009) in which it was regarded that caring for somebody in their final phase of life can be the most challengin yet most rewarding experience. Further research would help to advance end of life care, making it even more widespread. Upon reflection the care which Mrs Jones received in the community could have been better although that is due to poor co-ordination such as out of hours services. The hospice still seems to provide better levels of care when comparing how Mrs Jones felt in the community compared with how she was in the hospice. Further work needs to be done in order to gather a true reflection on the difference in levels of care between settings. When looking at the end of life care programme it was impressive to see that Mrs Jones was benefitting by receiving the correct care plans. References Altschuler, J. (2004). llness and loss within the family. In P. Firth, amp; G. Luff, Loss, Change and Bereavement in Palliative Care (pp. 53-65). Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. American Cancer Society. (2013, February). Hospice Care. Retrieved from Hospice Care: http://www. cancer. org/treatment/findingandpayingfortreatment/choosingyourtreatmentteam/hospicecare/index Campbell, M. (1996). Program assessment through outcomes analysis: efficacy of a comprehensive supportive care team for end of life care. AACN Clinical Issues, 156-167. Cartwright, A. (1991). Changes in life and care in the year before death 1969-1987. Journal of Public Health Medicine, 81-87. Davis, N. (2005). Integrated Care Pathways. Retrieved from NHS: http://www. wales. nhs. uk/sitesplus/Documents/829/integratedcarepathways. pdf Department of Health. (2008, 07 16). Publications policy and guidance. Retrieved from Department of Health: http://www. dh. gov. uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_086277 devlin, K. (2009, September 02). The Telegraph. Retrieved from The Telegraph: http://www. telegraph. co. uk/health/healthnews/6127514/Sentenced-to-death-on-the-NHS. html Dougherty, L. amp;. (2004). The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures 6th Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Ellershaw, J. , amp; Wilkinson, S. (2003). Care of the Dying: A Pathway to Excellence (Second Edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Fallowfield, L. J. , Jenkins, V. A. , amp; and Beveridge, H. A. (2002). Truth may hurt but deceit hurts more: Communication in Palliative Care. Palliative medicine, 297-303. Field, D. , Payne, S. , Relf, M. , amp; Reid, D. (2007). An overview of adult bereavement support in the United Kingdom: Issues for policy and practice. Social Science and Medicine, 428-438. Grande, G. , Farquhar, M. , Barclay, S. , amp; Todd, C. (2004). Caregiver bereavement outcome: relationship with hospice at home, satisfaction with care, and home death. Journal of Palliative Care,, 69-77. Hudson, P. , Quinn, K. , OHanlon, B. , amp; Aranda, S. (2008). Family meetings in palliative care: Multidisciplinary clinical practice guidelines. BMC Palliative Care, 7-12. Kinsman, L. , Rotter, T. , E, J. , amp; Snow, P. a. (2001). What is a clinical pathway? Development of a definition to inform the debate. BMC Medicine. Lynn, J. , Schuster, J. , amp; Wilkinson, A. a. (2007). Improving care for the End of Life: A Sourcebook for Health Care Managers and Clinicians (2nd Edition). Cary: Oxford

The Catcher In The Rye Essays (1257 words) - Literary Realism

The Catcher in the rye [emailprotected] In the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, Holden attempts, whether he is conscious of it or not, to save certain characters from "falling" into what he sees as the corrupt world of adulthood. He does this in his thoughts as well as in his real actions. An example of this is seen when Holden tries to rescue all children from "falling". The most important child he attempts to save is his sister Phoebe. Last and most crucial, Holden tries to save himself. Holden has a natural instinct to protect people he sees as vulnerable. His main focus is to guard children whom he sees as being pure and innocent and whom he would like to shelter from corruption. His "Catcher in the Rye" image, as far fetched as it seems, is the first concrete expression of Holden's urge to protect the weak. "...What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff-I mean if they're running and they don't look where they're going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. That's all I'd do all day. I'd just be the Catcher in the Rye..." (Salinger p. 173) Holden's dream is to be "The Catcher in the Rye" ? an adult whose job is to rescue children whenever they begin to fall off a cliff at the end of a rye field. Holden's desire to be "The Catcher in the Rye" symbolizes his urge to "catch" children before they "fall" into adulthood. The field of rye is an open space representing freedom and childhood. The cliff that Holden speaks of implies the boarder from childhood to adulthood. Holden wants to be the catcher or guardian of these children and make sure that they do not cross over to the corrupt world of adulthood. Holden loves children because they are the only people who are not phony. They are innocent and not yet affected by mankind. Like his love for children, Holden's love and respect for Phoebe, his younger sister, is unsurpassed. Phoebe exemplifies Holden's view of a perfect childhood, but problem arises when Holden realizes that Phoebe is already showing signs of growing up. Holden attempts to shield Phoebe from the cruelty of the inevitable realities of life. A way in which Holden tries to prevent this from happening is when he gives Phoebe his red hunting hat. This hat expresses protection and security and a way to hide from society. Since Holden has already been removed from the innocence of childhood, he thinks he knows how demoralized society really is. For example, Holden saw something that drove him crazy. "...Somebody'd written "Fuck you" on the wall. It drove me damn near crazy. I thought how Phoebe and all the other kids would see it, and how they'd wonder what the hell it meant, and finally some dirty kid would tell them-all cockeyed, naturally- what it meant, and how they'd all think about it and maybe even worry about it for a couple of days. I kept wanting to kill whoever had written it..." (Salinger p. 201) Holden is so upset and afraid that Phoebe will see this and be told what it means, exposing her to what Holden refers to as a "corrupt society". Safeguarding Phoebe from unavoidably crossing the threshold from childhood to adulthood is described once again in the scene at the zoo when Phoebe is riding the carrousel and reaching for the gold ring. Holden saw Phoebe as a little kid again which is all he really wanted. "All the kids kept trying to grab for the gold ring, and so was old Phoebe, and I was sort of afraid she'd fall off the goddam horse, but I didn't say anything or do anything. The thing with kids is, if they want to grab for the gold ring, you have to let them do it, and not say anything. If they fall off, they fall off, but it's bad if you say anything to them." (Salinger p. 211) The gold ring on the carousel is symbolic. When Phoebe and the other kids were reaching for the ring on the carousel, they almost fell off heir horses. The gold

Dying to be Beautiful essays

Dying to be Beautiful essays Beautiful or else a message often presented in society, is often detrimental to the American public. The desire to be beautiful has received more attention by blinding the public with images of the beautiful people. The extent of the message the media portrays to our society is more harmful than beneficial to the average person. The images depict the common person as unattractive which causes many to alter their figure to attain the medias vision of beauty. Unfortunately, these unrealistic pictures mostly affect self-conscious adolescents who are surrounded by images of what the media considers beautiful. Each day, adolescents are exposed to magazines with models who appear extremely emaciated along with men and women who have a perfect, muscular physique. These Calista Flockhart- and Arnold Schwarzenegger-like clones are not representatives of normal, everyday people, so they should not be considered images of beauty. However, many young adults look up to these fake role models and imitate their appearance. Due to the impact that celebrities have on individuals from the younger generations, people now find themselves bombarded by young Brittany Spears wannabes wearing tiny mini skirts and naval-bearing shirts. Seventeen magazine even has a ludicrous section on how to look like a favorite celebrity; it includes ideas as to what clothes to wear and what kind of makeup should be used. The medias influence is driven by the spending power of the younger generation and has purposefully created a superficial generation. Many teenagers and adults have gone to extremes to attain the best, often deadly, appearance possible. Millions of misguided people, including celebrities, have died due to anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa; they are willing to risk their job, or their life to attain the image the media expects. In 1983, Karen Carpenter, the promising lead sing ...

Organization Improvement Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organization Improvement Project - Essay Example essful organization leading in the business of water, gas and electricity, Enron was transformed into a credit laden and failed company due to unaccountability, corruption and failure to apply ethical principles (Gutman, 2002). Unethical and corrupt leadership was the greatest recipe for Enron’s collapse, which for years, the company tried to hide from the public domain. Coupled with dubious retirement plans and stocks, this culminated in disastrous consequences for the company, downgrading what it had achieved in 15 years, whereby it had established itself as a giant in the business world in the US (Gutman, 2002). Measures that the company would have instituted to ensure that the company did not collapse include; inculcation of organizational ethical cultures in company operations and the management; institution of trade-offs between individual actions and positive actions; Encouraging leaders to have ethical consciousness and to ensure leaders are accountable in their actions. Most important, there should be a complete overhaul of corporate and fiscal systems so that transparency and ethics are injected into corporate business practices at Enron. A potent and noteworthy plan needs to be put in place so that improvement can be achieved in the organization. This plan, the Ethical Leadership Decision Making Model, must always expect leaders to exhibit moral awareness before undertaking tasks. In so doing, leaders would be able to gauge the extent of their actions. It is important for every leader to weigh the end results of issues before undertaking them In conclusion, The Enron Scandal illustrates what unethical business practices can do to a successful; company. Once a successful organization, Enron collapsed as a result of unethical decisions, dubious business practices and lack of accountability by its leaders (Gutman, 2002). Had the company instituted business ethics in its practices, it would still be the successful company that ruled America for 15

Managing Human Capital at Barclays Bank Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing Human Capital at Barclays Bank - Essay Example Like any other corporation, Barclays also treat its human resource as the most valuable assets and the only active element to activate other elements such as machinery and equipments, which are otherwise, remain dead. However, unless the costs associated with the people management and maintenance is critically evaluated in the light of its probable benefits, the entire efforts will be a waste. Considering the employee initial cost and annual expenditure for hiring and training, it can be presumed that a huge amount has been incurred every year at Barclays. From all stakeholders’ point of view, it can be said that this is not a good sign of success. Rather, it is an indication that the company unnecessarily invest in hiring and maintaining people in the organization and is likely to incur huge loss unless all the employees are retained in the organization. Today’s employees have the tendency to switch over from job to another within no time. This causes further increase in the employee maintenance cost as the organization is required to fill the gap on account of such movement. The most possible solution for this kind of unnecessary increase in the employee cost is that hire only those people whose services are unavoidable to the organization. Also make sure that newly joined are likely to be maintained in the firm at least for three years. It has been mentioned in the report that the pension cost has been on the increase and this can be reduced, if proper care is taken while fixing the compensation plan.

Examining Murder And Unlawful Killing On People Criminology Essay

Examining Murder And Unlawful Killing On People Criminology Essay Investigative psychology is an approach the police take in order to inspect criminal behavior. This form of psychology is mainly used to answer important questions that arise during the process of criminal investigations. When checking a crime scene there are three main questions running through the minds of the detectives: what are the behavioral features of the perpetrator, what are the characteristics of the offender, and is it possible that there are other crimes committed by the same offender. According to Jillian Robbins (Stone, 2009l) the behavior of the criminal at the time of the incident is one of the best forms of evidence to a case. She reports that there are three important behavioral traits that all detectives look out for while inspecting a crime scene: the modus operandi, the signature and the typology of the offender. The modus operandi or MO refers to the way the offender behaves or acts while trying to carry out his crime successfully. Offenders usually have a strong desire to perform the perfect crime, or to commit a crime without getting caught. As the offender gains experience with each crime he commits, the MO will also change until the effective method is found. This means that an offenders MO will changes through a series of learned behaviors. Richard Quinney points out that police investigators are trained to recognize the MO of the offender but not to solely use the MO to link crimes together. (Clinard, Quinney, 1973) He admits that it is difficult not to jump to conclusions when dealing with identical MOs, especially when the crimes are close in location, but states that including any evidence without unreasonable doubt is a serious police error. A signature, commonly referred to as personation, describes any unusual details at the scene of the crime other than the ones actually needed to commit the crime. Most offenders will leave identical marks at the scenes of each crime they commit. The mark could range from anything like writing on the walls at the scene of the crime to placing the victims body in unusual positions. The signature has a higher level of importance to the investigator because it is directly related to the cognitive process that is unique to each offender. (Stone, 2009) The typology is the last major behavioral pattern used to identify the offender. There are three main categories of typologies: undoing, staging and trophy. Undoing is when the offender psychologically tries to undo the crime scene. This behavioral pattern is most commonly found in offenders who get distraught after the death of their victim. There are many different ways that the offenders will try to deal with the psychological impact or realization of their crime. Some offenders try to return the victim back to a naturally looking state such as laying them down in bed with a pillow under their head or dressing them in clean clothes. Other offenders may try to dehumanize the victim by either beating the victims face in, covering the face with material or rolling the victim facedown. In these examples the offender is trying to veil the identity of the victim in order to make the crime less personal. (Akers, 1994) The second category of typology is staging. Staging is intentionally a ltering the crime scene in hopes to distract the investigators. Michael Stone (Stone, 2009) points out that staging is committed by someone other than the offender to either mislead the investigators away from the suspect, or to protect the victims family. The most commonly reported reason for staging is to cover up autoeroticism or the self-arousal and self-gratification of a sexual desire without a partner. (Ellis, 1906) The four types of autoeroticism are autoerotic hanging, aqua eroticism, chemical eroticism and self-suffocation. All forms result in a lack of oxygen that increases sexual stimulation. Two-thirds of the families of these victims stage the crime scene and reposition the body for the victim to look more presentable to authorities. (Ellis, 1906) The last typology is trophy. Offenders who are typed with a trophy typology are those who take a meaningful souvenir from the victim to either remember or to control the crime scene. The trophy could be anything from a pictur e of the victim to a body part. It is important to note that a trophy typology could be part of the offenders signature. The next evidence the investigators look at while inspecting the crime is the organization of the scene. The way the crime scene looks after a crime tells a lot about the offender. There are three types of crime scenes: organized, disorganized and mixed. An organized crime scene shows that the offender maintained control during the murder. Profilers conclude that an offender of an organized crime scene most likely selected his victim on a specific basis. An example would be a serial killer who selected only victims with blonde hair and blue eyes. Offenders of organized murder crime scenes have been profiled and interestingly have been classified with specific character traits. These offenders usually have above average to genius IQ levels, are socially adequate, sexually competent, had inconsistent childhood discipline, maintained control during the crime, used alcohol during the crime, live with a partner and have a car that runs in good condition. These offenders plan their crimes methodically. They abduct their victims and kill them in one locations and dispose of the body elsewhere, they are likely to lure their victims with ploys of sympathy, they commonly target prostitutes, they demand submission from their victim, they have a high knowledge of forensics and are able to cover their track and they take pride in their actions and follow their case in the media. When questioned, friends and family often describe the offender of organized crime scene as kind and unlikely to hurt anyone. (Bordua, 1962) Disorganized crime scenes prove that the offender most likely committed the crime without premeditation. This shows that the crime was committed under impulse or out of extreme rage. This offender likely murders whenever the opportunity arises having no specific criteria in picking a victim. This offender may have a history of mental problems and is in almost all cases socially inadequate. Often the body is left at the place of death and there are no signs of the offender trying to cover their tracks. Profilers report that disorganized crime scene offenders have below average IQ levels, do not hold down jobs, are sexually incompetent, are anxious during the crime, live alone, work or live near the crime scene, have a minimal interest in following the crime in the news, leave a random/sloppy crime scene, commit sexual acts after the death of the victim, leave the body in view of others to see and often leave the weapon behind. A mixed crime scene is one in which there are evidence of an organized is and a disorganized crime scene. The offender usually starts off with an organized intention but when something unplanned interrupts, strays away from his plans and becomes disorganized. Not all crime scenes have the same level of organization to them, it varies for every scene. After the investigators collect all information based on the characteristics of the crime, they then use the information in a process of profiling. There are two approaches to profiling, the nomothetic approach where statistics from a large number of previous offenders are taken and profilers look for a pattern, or the idiographic approach where the profiler takes once case study and intensely analyzes it. One type of profiling is criminal profiling. Criminal profiling analyzes the personality traits, habits, features and behavioral patterns found at the crime scene in order to develop a description of the offender. This practice is also known as crime scene analysis. When using a nomothetic approach to criminal profiling the investigator is able to see more details because of the normal distribution, but less about the offender themselves. When using the idiographic approach to criminal profiling the investigator comes up with detailed information on the offender. It is almost as if the investigator knows the offender inside and out. A flaw to this method is that the investigator is unable to compare the offender to other offenders which leads to the possibility of forcing a profile on an offender it does not belong to. This phenomena is knows as confirmation bias or fitting the pieces that work and ignoring the ones that do not work. Another form of profiling is geographic profiling. Geographic profiling is used to determine either the area of residence of the offender or to predict the area of the next possible crime. This form of profiling is basically done to find which geographic location the offender feels most comfortable in and prefers to take victims in. (Beauregard, Proulx, Rossmo, 2005) Profiling is extremely usefully to investigators especially in multiple murder crimes. With the use of this system, authorities are able to narrow down people and locations in catch the offenders before they strike again. Dr. Grover Godwin believes that obtaining th e dumpsite plus the abduction site drastically improves the ability to pin point the offenders place of residence. The downfall to geographical profiling is that profilers need at least five crimes to find a pattern. This means that the offender continues to take lives before this process can take effect. Many profilers argue that when the offender exhibits some form of mental illness at the scene of the crime such as sadistic torture, evisceration, postmortem slashing and cutting, and other mutilations, the profiling of serious offenders is more successful. This is a result based from the theory that when a person is mentally disturbed they demonstrate the greatest consistency in behavior from situation to situation. Another strategy the investigators use to determine the offender is the psychological autopsy. This is a reconstructive psychological evaluation that differs from profiling. Here the profiling is done on a dead person, and the identity of the person is already known. There are two types of psychological autopsies. The first type is suicide psychology autopsy and it is used to understand and identify factors that contribute to the suicide. The second type is the equivocal death psychological autopsy and it is used to determine the reason of the death. In both the suicide psychological autopsy and the equivocal death psychological autopsy, a forensic psychologist is hired. The forensic psychologist looks at the lifestyles, behavioral history, personality traits, and the amount of psychological pain the victim was in. They conduct interviews with family, friends, and people who knew the victim. The forensic psychologist also looks through the victims personal documents in order to get a better understanding of the cause of death. Once the investigators know the reasoning behind the murder they are able to start narrowing down suspects. Now that we have a base understanding of the strategies investigators use to expose offenders, it is time to compare and define each different category of multiple murder offenders. First off, multiple murders are the killing of many people either in the same occurrence or over a period of time. Although these events are rare, they are highly publicized and remain in the memories of many people. There are three classifications of multiple murderers: serial murderers, mass murderers and spree murderers. A serial murderer is when one person kills a minimum of three people over time. The time period contains a cooling off period in which the offender will not kill the next victim for weeks, months or sometimes even years. This cooling off period is the main difference between serial murderers and other multiple murderers. The majority of serial murderers are single white males who are highly intelligent with above average IQ levels. They commonly have trouble holding down jobs and come from unstable homes where typically the father abandoned the family and the mother raised the children. They are often abused physically, mentally or emotionally and the abuse is usually by an older male figure that the offenders mother brought in to replace to offenders father. As children, serial murderers commonly display what has come to be known as the triad: being fascinated with fire setting, bedwetting after the age of 12, and displaying sadistic activities or the torture of small animals. They show characteristics of anti-social personality disorder at a young age and they tend to lack empathy and guilt when disciplined and are egocentric and impulsive. The crime scene left by a serial murderers may be organized or disorganized. Serial murders are known to kill for different motives. Hagan categorizes the motives of the offenders into three groups: visionary, mission oriented and hedonistic. (Hagan, 2010) A visionary motive is when the offender suffers from a psychotic break and believes that another person or even god or the devil instructs them to kill. A mission oriented motive is when the offender justifies his act by saying they are ridding the world of a specific type of person, an example being homosexuals or prostitutes. These offenders are not psychotic they are only out to change the nature of society. An offender with a hedonistic motive seeks thrill and pleasure from killing. They see people as expendable. There are three different types of hedonistic motives: lust, thrill, comfort and power/control. A hedonistic lust motive shows sex as the primary motif. Fantasy plays a large role in these killings. It doesnt matter to the offender if the victim is dead or alive while committing sexual acts. Of fenders report sexual gratification levels raised the more tortured and mutilated the victim is. The weapons of choice are usually those that require close range. The time between each murder decreases as the offender continues to kill. The second hedonistic motive is thrill. Thrill murderers primary motif is to induce pain of cause terror to the victim. They seek adrenalin rushes by hunting and killing their victims. These offenders kill just for the thrill of it and have no sexual aspect to the murder. The victims are strangers although the killer may have followed the victim for a period of time. These killers can abstain from killing for long periods of time. They refine their murder method after each kill in an attempt to become more successful. The next hedonistic motive is comfort. A comfort offender kills for a material gain or for a more comfortable lifestyle. The victims are usually family members or friends. After the murder the offender usually waits a long period of tim e before killing again to lower suspicion levels. The offenders are usually females and kill with poison. Most comfort killers have previous convictions for fraud, embezzlement or theft. The last hedonistic motive is power/control in which the offender kills to exert power over the victim. These offenders were usually abused as children, causing an inadequate or powerless feeling as an adult. The offenders often sexually abuse the victims but the abuse is not motivated by lust, it is motivated by domination. Female serial murderers are classified separately then male serial murderers because of the drastic differences between them. Only one-third of female serial killers killed strangers (Benekos, 1995) compared to males who almost always killed strangers. The victims of female serial killers are almost always husbands, ex-husbands, or current lovers. They murder for personal gain such as insurance benefits, will allocations or estate. Sexual or sadistic motives are extremely rare and psychopathic traits and documentation of child abuse is commonly reported in these offenders. The method of preferred killing is usually poison or low profile. Evidence suggests that females are less violent and less aggressive. Female serial killers are known to have a borderline personality disorder and a lack of empathy. Female serial murdering is very rare and the rate of re-crime is less often than males. Profilers report that there are greatest risk areas for serial killers to pick their victims from. Jenkins (1994) suggests that the availability of perspective victims and the attitudes of law enforcement agencies toward those victims play a crucial role when choosing a victim. Reports show that serial murderers pick their potential victims on the basis of easy escape and the vulnerability level of the victim. The prefer killing in a place with easy access and the option to leave the vicinity without causing alarm. Urban subcultures and areas with isolated landscape are the most preferred killing location. Areas that contain high levels or elderly or poor people are the second preferred location. The derelict areas within a city appear to be a common target location, also young women in or near a college campus. Victims are often prostitutes, runaways and homosexuals. Most serial killing has occurred in the western states suggesting that it is a result of lifestyle, economic conditions and availability of potential victims. Serial killers tend to select victims near their homes or workplaces. 14 percent of serial killers use their homes or workplaces as the preferred location, whereas another 52 percent commit their murders in the same general location or region, such as the same neighborhood or city. (Hickey) All serial offenders are classified as having one of four different hunting patterns: hunter, poacher, troller, and trapper. The hunter chooses his victim near his place of residence. The poacher travels to another location to find his victim. The troller meets his victim in an opportunistic manner and the trapper has a job which allows him to meet his victim in the area he happens to be working in. Although it is most common for serial killers to be while, Walsh found that nearly 22% or serial killers in the United States have been black. He points out the there is extensive media coverage of white serial killers in the United States, but black serial killing goes unpublicized. The extensive media coverage of Bundy, Gacy, and Berkowitz cases have made these killers almost household names, but African Americans such as Watts, Johnson, Francois, and Wallace are practically unknown, despite having operated within the same general framework (1980s and 1990s). (Walsh, 2005) The second type of multiple murderers is known as the mass murderer. A mass murderer is a person who kills three or more individuals with-out a cooling off period. These offenders intentionally and indiscriminately kill often trying to exterminate entire groups of communities. The victims are often picked due to their ethnicity or religion. The killing occurs in one single location and the killer often commits suicide after completing the act. Mass murderers are divided into five different groups: perverted love, politics and hate, revenge/workplace, product tampering and school shootings. The different groups pertain to the reasoning behind the offender when killing. A perverted love offender kills out of depression. There are two different types of perverted love offenders: family murder/suicide and family killing. Family murder/ suicide are when an individual is unable to differential between himself and his family. He sees his family members as part of himself. He believes that if he isnt able to find happiness for himself then his extended self (family) is unable to find happiness also. This offender will kill his entire family before taking his own life. He truly believes he is saving his family from future suffering. This offender is egocentric and does not allow the family to have a different opinion that he does. The second type or perverted love is family killing. This offender kills to protect his family. The killing does not involve suicide. An example of family killing is a father of his daughters son killing his entire family when his wife threatens to divorce him. His reasoning for killing was to protect the family name. The next type of mass murder is classified under politics and hate. This type of murder is more commonly known as suicide bombers. The offenders believe that they are doing well for the world because they are eliminating a number of people who have different views than they do. The offender is usually single, between the ages of 17 and 33 and has some or full high school education. The victims are random. A different, subtype under suicide bombers are set and run killers. They have the same intentions as suicide bombers but instead of taking their own life they set killing devices in motion and flee. A different reasoning behind mass murder is revenge. These offenders want to payback someone who has humiliated them. They do not accept blame for their actions but instead are irrational and blame others. The revenge offender is known as the disgruntled employee. These offenders see their career as the only meaningful part of their lives. The attack usually formulates when the offender sees his salary or status as disappearing or having no chance for opportunity. They are incapable of coping with their problems by change. The average age of this killer is 38; he experiences frequent chronic isolation and has no significant criminal record. His assault is planned and his victims are specifically chosen. The victims appear to be either the boss of the offender, a co-worker who recently received a promotion, or a socially adequate co-worker. The fourth categories of mass murders are those involved with product tampering. These offenders sabotage a commercial product usually for commercial gain. The offender usually expects financial gain either through litigation on behalf of the victim (wrongful death), through extortion, or through business operations. (Ressler, 1992) The most common method of product tampering it to inject cyanide into products. Cyanide is the poison of choice because of its potency and availability. When news gets out that there is a problem with a product, many cases are illegitimately filed by false complaints from people seeking monetary claims. School shootings are the last category of mass murder. School shootings are very rare but highly publicized. Investigations show that there are two common characteristics of school shooters: peer rejection and social rejection. 70% of school shooters were termed loners by fellow classmates. 62% abused drugs or alcohol and 43% were bullied by others. (Bordua, 1962) These offenders have a history of violence including violence toward people, humans and property. They often report having violent fantasies, atypical depression and mixed personality disorders. School shooters typically kill in pairs, have easy access to firearms, and have told at least one person about their plan to kill which is typically very detailed. Other students usually encourage the attacks. The victims of school shooters are usually students who bullied, harassed or picked on the offender. Almost  ¾ of school shooters made suicidal gestures before attacking. The academic standings of school shooters range from failing to excellent. The family situation or home life of the offender may range from very good to bad, and most offenders engage in some behavior that caused concern of indicated a need for help. The next type of multiple murderers is the spree killer. A spree offender kills two or more victims in a short duration without a cooling off period. They kill at two or more locations with almost no time break between murders. (US Bureau of Justice Statistics) It is the lack of the cooling off period that marks the difference between spree killers and serial killers. Lastly is the angel of death. The angel of death is a person who makes a career out of killing others. They are usually drawn to the medical fields. These offenders will take the life of their patient only because they have the power to. They make the death look to others like a natural cause when the reality is that the person would have made it. Something they torture their victims with unusual medications. These offenders have pathological interests in the power of life and death. Now we are going to make a transition from pre-identification of the offender to a method of understanding the reasoning behind to offenders action after they have been caught. The investigator will first ask the offender series of questions relating back to their childhood until the present day. This is to get an understanding of why the offender believes he murdered. This will also show the lifestyles of the offender and aid in future research of early risk factors. Next the offender will be tested for any psychotic disorders and then will undergo a forensic hypnosis. The hypnosis can bring forward long-forgotten or even repressed childhood memories. This process will either cause hypnotic hyper amnesia which is the enhancement or revival of memory or it will cause non-hypnotic hyper amnesia which is the revival of memories through non-hypnotic methods such as free association, fantasy and recall techniques. The investigator will try to obtain as many specific details as possible f rom the offender to help with future research. Unfortunately there is limited research available on and multiple murder situations where the offender commits suicide. This is because the facts and resources are limited to anything left behind by the offender instead of documented reporting straight from the offender himself. Up to this point we have been discussing the methods of investigation and the characteristics and profiles of each type of multiple murderers. Now we are going to look at a few famous cases of multiple murderers and point out the evidence of crime scene investigation, profiling, and classification into serial killing, mass murder or spree murder. The first case we are going to look at is Ted Bundy. Ted Bundy fits the typical serial killer classification to a T. He is a white male who is in his 20s or 30s and experienced an atypical childhood. He went on a three year killing spree eventually confessing to 30 different murders. He used his good looks to lure victims and often pretended he was injured to get sympathy. When looking at the personality of Ted Bundy he displays certain early risk factors. He was born to an unwed mother whose parents wanted to avoid the social stigma of having an illegitimate grandchild born to a young mother. As a result Teds grandparents claimed him as their own and Ted grew up believing that his mother was actually his sister. No one knows who his biological father was and he was not told the truth about his mother until his second year of college. Another early risk factor for Bundy was that he began showing violence at only 15 years old. His Aunt Julia recalls an incident of lying down for a nap in her home and waking up to find knives surrounding her and a smiling three year old Bundy at her side. He was assumed to have picked up some of his ways by following his grandfather as a role model. His grandfather was known to have tortured animals, abuse the family dog, and was even said to have swung the neighborhood cats around by their tails. Ted was said to have been fascinated my mutilating animals. He was known to be a habitual liar. He compulsively stole and shoplifter. He later claimed that he was also involved in voyeurism at a young age specifically by peeping into peoples windows and was arrested twice as a juvenile. Although it is impossible to predict who will become a serial killer, Bundy portrayed many predictive behaviors including cruelty to animals, bedwetting, lying, drugs and alcohol abuse, and an extended hist ory of violence. Anti-social personality disorder is a mental disorder defined as the essential feature for the diagnosis is a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violations of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. (Clinard, Quinney, 1973) Deceit and manipulation are considered essential features in this disorder. The individual must be age 18 or older as well as have a documented history of a conduct disorder before the age of 15. People having anti-social personality disorders are also know as sociopaths and psychopaths. Bundy had many aspects of anti-social personality disorder. He failed to conform to social norms. When he began sneaking out of his house and peeping into other peoples windows he reported those behaviors to be sexually arousing and often masturbated while doing them. He was deceitful. He had a disregard for safety of others. He occasionally would disable a womans car to make her more vulnerable, without actually doing anything to her. (Hickey, 1997) He lacked remorse. He brutally murdered thirty women and was so irrational about it he did not believe he did anything wrong. Bundy suffered from both psychopathic disorders and antisocial personality disorder. He was classified as manic depressive and a narsopath. He showed symptoms of the psychopathic triad (bedwetting, fire setting, and torturing animals). Bundy used the same hunting pattern nearly every time. He drove a VW Beetle in which he would remove the passenger seat when he went out hunting. He used his wit and charm on females to get them to come over to his car and then he would beat each girl over the head with an iron crow bar. The semi-conscious victim was then dragged out of the car and driven to Bundys murder site, Taylor Mountain. He would then put a mask on and use hand cuffs or rope to give his victims and even more helpless appeal. He chose his murder destination wisely because he knew he would be undisturbed while he raped and killed. After finishing, Bundy would bury the body and drive back home to Seattle to resume his respectable life. Although Bundy displayed many patterns of hunting, he was classified as a Troller mainly because he would be out and randomly encounter his next victim which he would then stalk until ready to kill. He also showed characteristics of a trapper by luring young women to his aid with a fake cast, posing as a police officer, and using his charm to seduce and take advantage of his victims. Bundy kept body parts to preserve the high he got from killing. This classifies him as a trophy offender. His modus operandi was clubbing women over the head with an iron bar and strangling them. Having a troublesome childhood and being lied to at an early age put Bundy at risk for conduct disorders. He was then made fun of at school and only dated twice in his life before reaching college. He did not want the companionship of a woman but only the popularity that came along with having one. He walked around with beautiful females just for the attention, just to be noticed. He did not trust women throughout his life. He lacked a good bond with females and combining that with his very stimulated sexual nature took out his anger towards females in the wrong way. The next case I want to look at is the Columbine High School massacre. On April 20, 1999 two students of Columbine High School, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, led a massacre which killed 13 people and injured 21 others before taking their own lives. Early warning signs arose when Eric Harris first created a private website on American Online where he posted blogs which told of his anger against society. He included death threats about a former friend of his, Brooks Brown. He also had a blog about his negative thoughts towards parents, school and his friends. He began writing how-tos including how to cause mischief and how to make explosives. He blogged about the detailed trouble that himself and Dylan were causing. His blogs were very low profile and no one really knew or payed much attention to the boys writings until Brooks Browns mother was informed of the website and read the death threats against her son. Browns mother made multiple complaints to the sheriff department about the site but wasnt taken seriously until it was di

Free Essays - The Hazards of Moviegoing :: Example Personal Narratives

The Hazards of Moviegoing    I am a movie fanatic. When friends want to know what picture won the Oscar in 1980 or who played the police chief in Jaws, they ask me. My friends, though, have stopped asking me if I want to go out to the movies. The problems in getting to the theater, the theater itself, and the behavior of some patrons are all reasons why I often wait for a movie to show up on TV.    First of all, just getting to the theater presents difficulties. Leaving a home equipped with a TV and a video recorder isn't an attractive idea on a humid, cold, or rainy night. Even if the weather cooperates, there is still a thirty-minute drive to the theater down a congested highway, followed by the hassle of looking for a parking space. And then there are the lines. After hooking yourself to the end of a human chain, you worry about whether there will be enough tickets, whether you will get seats together, and whether many people will sneak into the line ahead of you.    Once you have made it to the box office and gotten your tickets, you are confronted with the problems of the theater itself. If you are in one of the run-down older theaters, you must adjust to the musty smell of seldom-cleaned carpets. Escaped springs lurk in the faded plush or cracked leather seats, and half the seats you sit in seem loose or tilted so that you sit at a strange angle. The newer twin and quad theaters offer their own problems. Sitting in an area only one-quarter the size of a regular theater, moviegoers often have to put up with the sound of the movie next door. This is especially jarring when the other movie involves racing cars or a karate war and you are trying to enjoy a quiet love story. And whether the theater is old or new, it will have floors that seem to be coated with rubber cement. By the end of a movie, shoes almost have to be pried off the floor because they have become sealed to a deadly compound of spilled soda, hardening bubble gum, and c rushed Ju-Jubes.

European History 1914-to present Essay

The period that immediately followed the First World War was marked by the autocratic regimes in Austria, Germany and Russia being replaced by republics as they were overthrown. There seemed to be a promise of an era of democracy as the seven states that had all been newly created adopted the republican form of government giving the impression that democracy had finally been found after the First World War. However, this did not last as after only two decades, a form of dictatorship took over most of the democratic European countries. While some countries became communists, others took to fascism which resulted to totalitarian form of government (Gardner, Kleiner & Mamiya, 2005). In totalitarianism individuals had absolutely no freedom in their life as all political, intellectual, social, cultural, economic and even religious and spiritual activities were subordinated to the authority of the rulers and the government. This form of rule was characterized by the rulers of the government as a central power controlling all the aspects of the citizens’ lives through force and repression such that those who held views that were different from the ideologies of the rulers and had different practices in the mentioned aspects of their lives were considered to be against the state hence enemies. Totalitarianism was manifested through mass-media that was state controlled, one party state in which the party controlled everything that went on in the state, mass surveillance accompanied with state terrorism and restricted free discussion or criticism especially of the governmental ideologies. In European countries such as such as Russia under Stalin and Germany under Hitler, totalitarianism and the practices of the government received overwhelming support from the citizens (Gardner, Kleiner & Mamiya, 2005). The support was however not spontaneous, it required the rulers to be charismatic so that he would be able to draw support. The rapid development in infrastructure especially communication and transportation played a great role in the rise and spread of the totalitarianism and growth of its popularity amongst the citizens in the countries in which it was practised. This paper seeks to discuss totalitarianism and the reasons for its rise in Europe in the early 20th century. Totalitarianism is characterized by the state pursuing some goal that is special such as conquest of a certain region, exclusion of all others who hold different ideologies from those ones of the state or industrialization. All resources of the state usually are directed and focussed on achievement of these goals regardless of their cost. Anything that furthers the attainment of the goal is fully supported while the things that threaten to foil this achievement are rejected. It is a form of obsession that triggers an ideology that explains and describes things in terms of the intended goal, justifying all obstacles that could arise and all the forces that may struggle against the state in achieving the desired goal (Gardner, Kleiner & Mamiya, 2005). This results to the state getting popular support from the citizens which gives it the power to practice any form of governmental actions. Anyone opposing the goals or ideologies of the state is considered evil and political differences within the state not allowed. Achievement of the goal is never acknowledged even in the event the state actually gets to achieve it. This is because totalitarianism is entirely founded on the ideology of achieving the goal such that in the event the goal is achieved then it should cease to exist. The pursuit of specific goals by different leaders for the states they ruled is considered to be the main reason for the rise of totalitarianism in Europe. As mentioned earlier, fascism was one of the main reasons for totalitarianism. This ideology was common in Germany and Italy. It originated with Mussolini Benito in his rule over the country. This ideology in which the proponents advocated for the creation of a single party state was a reaction against equality, liberty and fraternity that were being proposed by democratic nations such as France and Britain after they won the war. Fascists argued that nations and races usually are in a conflict in which only the strongest and the healthiest survive. Apart from being healthy the strongest also survive by asserting themselves against the weak through repression and in combat (Griffiths 2005). These governments prohibited and suppressed opposition and any form of criticism to the government. In Germany, races that were not German such as the Jews, Slavs and individuals who were either sick or disabled were targeted for execution as Hitler’s government sought to have a nation of pure healthy Germans. Fascism claimed that a nation was the race and hence sought to execute everyone who was not of the race of the rulers (Griffiths 2005). Fascism is also characterized by respect and love for collective organization in which individuals work together to achieve a certain goals and ideology. This formed totalitarianism in Italy and Germany. In which the citizens were organized against other individuals of other races that were considered a threat to achieving a nation that was formed of one superior race. Nazism was movement mostly in Germany which was is also referred to as National Socialism. This movement sought to spread the ideologies of Adolf Hitler’s government in Germany and the world as a whole. Nazism is argued to be a form of fascism as its characteristics are the same as those ones of fascism as it featured racism, expansion and obedience/loyalty to one leader. Hitler expected everyone to be loyal to him and executed anyone who defiled his orders. Nazism also had theories about other races which portrayed them as inferior to German Aryans and a threat to its existence hence the necessity to get rid of them. This led to the massive execution of the Jews and the disabled Germans as they were considered unfit for survival according to fascism. This ideology is therefore one of the reasons for the rise of totalitarianism in Germany and most of its neighbouring nations (Klaus Vondung 2005). Bolshevism-Stalinism was the reason for the rise of totalitarianism in Russia. Bolshevism was a movement formed by professionals who believed in military control over the country and democratic centralism such the party (Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party) took form of internal hierarchy in which individuals from other groups were not allowed to lead the party. Only these members made decisions and any party that was formed to challenge Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party it was purged (Worley, Morgan & Laporte 2002). This movement greatly supported single party state and is believed to have caused the rise of Stalinism. Stalinism refers to the form of government used by Joseph Stalin and those who were allied to his ideologies (Worley, Morgan & Laporte 2002). This ideology is sometimes referred to as red fascism as it is a form of fascism. Stalinism refers to a form of governance that is characterized by oppression of the citizens and extensive spying by the government so that individuals can not criticize or form movements to overthrow it. This system was also characterized by purging in which those who were opposed to the government ideologies were sent to prison camps or sometimes killed. The state used propaganda and established some form of cult around a leader who was a dictator so that he would have absolute control over the communist party and maintain control over all the citizens of Russia. Apart from the mentioned countries, Austria also participated in the rise of totalitarianism by supporting Nazism and Fascism. Its Prime Minister Kurt Waldheim is said to have assisted Germany in transporting Jews to dearth camps. Several other Eastern and Central European countries also got obsessed with the fascist movement (Klaus Vondung 2005). This included Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Slovakia, Lithuania and Croatia. The fascist movements in these countries were all characterized racism specifically against the Jews whom they associated with communism which they greatly despised. Spain is the only country which though fascist never got obsessed with race and believing in the ant-Jewish conspiracies that characteristic of German’s Nazism. The rise of totalitarianism in Europe during the early 20th century was mainly due to fascism. Both Nazism and Bolshevism-Stalinism which were the main movements in Europe at this time and are all forms of fascism which emphasizes on the power of the state over the citizens. A significant characteristic of these movements is racism in which each state believed in being occupied by only those who were of its race hence eliminating those who belonged to different races or had different practices than were contrary to the ideologies of the ruling government. The most affected race in Europe was the Jewish. The rise of totalitarianism in Europe can therefore be solely attributed to fascism. References Gardner, H. , Kleiner, S. & Mamiya, C. , (2005). Gardner’s Art Through The Ages: The Western Perspective. Sidney: Cengage Learning. Griffiths, R. (2005). Fascism second ed. New York, NY: Continuum International Publishing Group. Klaus Vondung, K. (2005). The Apocalypse in Germany, Columbia and London: Univ. of Missouri Press. Redles, D. (2005). Hitler’s Millennial Reich: Apocalyptic Belief and the Search for Salvation. New York, NY: New York Univ. Press. Worley, M. , Morgan, K. & Laporte, N. , (2002). Bolshevism, Stalinism And The Comintern: Perspectives On Stalinization. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.